Cameroon
  1. NEPCon. 2017. “Timber Legality Risk Assessment – Cameroon.” NEPCon. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.nepcon.org/sites/default/files/library/2017-06/TIMBER-Cameroon-Risk-Assessment.pdf
  2. Norman, Marigold, Jade Saunders, and Kerstin Canby. 2017. “National Governance Indicators – Relevance for the Regulation of the Trade in Illegal Timber.” Forest Trends. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/publications/national-governance-indicators/
  3. World Bank Group’s Fragile, Conflict and Violence Group. 2018. “Harmonized List of Fragile Situations.” World Bank Group’s Fragile, Conflict and Violence Group. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/fragilityconflictviolence/brief/harmonized-list-of-fragile-situations
  4. Forest Trends. 2019. “Known Forest Product Export Bans, as of September 2019.” Forest Trends. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/known-log-export-bans/
  5. United Nations Statistics Division. 2018. “UN Comtrade.” United Nations Statistics Division. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://comtrade.un.org/data/
  6. Government of Cameroon. 1999. Décret 99/781/PM du 13 octobre 1999 fixant les modalités d’application de l’article 71 (1) (nouveau) de la loi n. 94/01 du 20 janvier 1994 portant régime des forêts, de la faune et de la pêche. October 13, 1999. http://gfbcam.com/download/decret-99781pm-du-13-octobre-1999-regime-des-forets-de-la-faune-et-de-la-peche/
  7. Forest Legality Initiative. 2013. “Risk Tool – Cameroon.” Forest Legality Initiative. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://forestlegality.org/risk-tool/country/cameroon-0#tab-laws
  8. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2019. “Toxic Trade: Forest Crime in Gabon and the Republic of Congo and Contamination of the US Market.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://content.eia-global.org/posts/documents/000/000/830/original/Toxic_Trade_EIA-web.pdf?1553480150
  9. FAO. 2015. “Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015.” Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4808e.pdf
  10. Forest Stewardship Council. 2019. “FSC Facts & Figures – July 4 2019.” Forest Stewardship Council. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://fsc.org/en/page/facts-figures
  11. FAO. 2017. “FAOSTAT.” Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/RF
  12. Hoare, Alison. 2015. “Illegal Logging and Related Trade: The Response in Cameroon.” Chatham House. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.chathamhouse.org/publication/illegal-logging-and-related-trade-response-cameroon
  13. Cerutti, Paolo O., and Guillaume Lescuyer. 2011. “Le Marché domestique du sciage artisanal au Cameroun – État des lieux, opportunités et défis.” Center for International Forestry Research. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/ebook/serien/yo/CIFOR_OP/59.pdf
  14. Kozak, Robert A. 2010. “Illegal Logging in Cameroon: Causes and the Path Forward.” Forest Policy and Economics 12 (8): 554-561. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227417028_Illegal_logging_in_Cameroon_Causes_and_the_path_forward
  15. World Bank, 2002. “Forest law assessment in selected African countries (English).” World Bank. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/617231468009298435/pdf/807230WP0WWI0W0Box0379817B00PUBLIC0.pdf
  16. Observation Independante Externe Cameroune. N.d. “Qu’est ce que le SNOIE?” Observation Independante Externe Cameroune. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://oiecameroun.org/index.php/le-concept/qu-est-ce-que-le-snoie
  17. Global Witness. 2004. “Rapport d’Analyse des données produites par le Système Informatique de Gestion de l’Information Forestière au Cameroun.” Global Witness. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.globalwitness.org/en/archive/sigif-report/
  18. Achobang, Fon et al. 2013. “Conflict or Consent? The oil palm sector at a crossroads.” Forest Peoples Programme, Perkumpulan SawitWatch and Transformasi untuk Keadilan Indonesia. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forestpeoples.org/sites/fpp/files/publication/2013/11/conflict-or-consentenglishlowres.pdf
  19. EIA, 2016.
  20. Cerutti, Paolo O., Martin Mbongo, and Marc Vandenhaute. 2016. “State of the timber sector in Cameroon (2015).” Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, and the Center for International Forestry Research. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/FLEGT/docs/State_timber_sector_2015_CIFOR_MINFOF_FAOFLEGT.pdf
  21. Meyers, James, Samuel Nguiffo, and Samuel Assembe-Mvondo. 2019. “China in Cameroon’s forests.” International Institute for Environment and Development. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://pubs.iied.org/pdfs/13599IIED.pdf
  22. Perram, Anouska. 2016. “Behind the Veil: Transparency, Access to Information and Community Rights in Cameroon’s Forestry Sector.” Forest Peoples Program. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forestpeoples.org/sites/fpp/files/publication/2016/06/behind-veil-artwork-english-web-1.pdf
China
  1. NEPCon, 2017. “Timber Legality Risk Assessment – China.” NEPCon. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.nepcon.org/sites/default/files/library/2017-11/NEPCon-TIMBER-China-Risk-Assessment-EN-V1.2.pdf
  2. Norman, Marigold, Jade Saunders, and Kerstin Canby. 2017. “National Governance Indicators – Relevance for the Regulation of the Trade in Illegal Timber.” Forest Trends. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/FINAL-governance-paper-1132017_v3.pdf
  3. World Bank Group’s Fragile, Conflict and Violence Group. 2018. “Harmonized List of Fragile Situations.” World Bank Group’s Fragile, Conflict and Violence Group. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/fragilityconflictviolence/brief/harmonized-list-of-fragile-situations
  4. Norman, Marigold and Jade Saunders. 2017. “Regulating the Trade in Illegal Timber.” Forest Trends. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/doc_5634.pdf
  5. United Nations Statistics Division. 2018. “UN Comtrade.” United Nations Statistics Division. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://comtrade.un.org/data/
  6. Sun, Xiufang, Kerstin Canby, and Lijun Liu. 2016. “China’s Logging Ban in Natural Forests.” Forest Trends. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/imported/chinas-logging-ban-in-natural-forests-final-3-14-2016-pdf.pdf
  7. United Nations Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre. 2018. “People’s Republic of China – Country Overview to Aid Implementation of the EUTR.” United Nations Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.unep-wcmc.org/system/dataset_file_fields/files/000/000/564/original/Country_overview_China__03_10_2018.pdf?1563350973
  8. Forest Trends. 2016. “China’s Forest Product Imports and Exports 2006-2016.” Forest Trends. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/doc_5627.pdf
  9. United Nations Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre. 2018. “Russian Federation – Country Overview to Aid Implementation of the EUTR.” United Nations Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://ec.europa.eu/environment/forests/pdf/Country_overview_Russian_Federation_03_10_2018.pdf
  10. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2012. “Appetite for Destruction: China’s Trade in Illegal Timber.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://eia-international.org/wp-content/uploads/EIA-Appetite-for-Destruction-lo-res1.pdf
  11. Smirnov, D.Y. et al. 2013. “Illegal logging in the Russian Far East: global demand and taiga destruction.” World Wildlife Fund. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.worldwildlife.org/publications/illegal-logging-in-the-russian-far-east-global-demand-and-taiga-destruction
  12. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2013. “Open Door: Japan’s Continuing Failure to Prevent Imports of Illegal Russian Timber.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://content.eia-global.org/posts/documents/000/000/337/original/Open_Door_ENG.pdf?1468593913
  13. Milakovsky, Brian. 2016. “Illegality Risk in Sourcing from Russia and Ukraine – Presentation for April 2016 TREE workshop.” Forest Trends, and World Wildlife Fund. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/imported/2a-illegality-risk-in-sourcing-from-russia-and-ukraine_tree-pdf.pdf
  14. Neslen, Arthur. 2018. “Romania breaks up alleged €25m illegal logging ring.” The Guardian, May 31. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/may/31/romania-breaks-up-alleged-25m-illegal-logging-ring
  15. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2017. “Illegal Logging in Rodna Mountains National Park, Northern Romania, October 2017.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://content.eia-global.org/posts/documents/000/000/686/original/Illegal_Logging_in_Rodna_Mountains_National_Park_Oct2017.pdf?1511580913
  16. World Wildlife Fund. 2007. “The Russian-Chinese Timber Trade: Export, Supply Chains, Consumption, and Illegal Logging.” World Wildlife Fund. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://www.enpi-fleg.org/site/assets/files/1449/therussian-chinesetimbertrade.pdf
  17. Brukhanov, Alexander, et al. 2003. “The Russian-Danish trade in wood products and illegal logging in Russia.” World Wildlife Fund. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315780017_The_Russian-Danish_trade_in_wood_products_and_illegal_logging_in_Russia
  18. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2017. “The Rosewood Racket: China’s Billion Dollar Illegal Timber Trade and the Devastation of Nigeria’s Forests.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://content.eia-global.org/assets/2017/rosewood-racket/PDF/Rosewood+Racket+Report+(High+Res).pdf
  19. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2018. “The Racket Continues: The unabated illegal and unsustainable timber trade from Nigeria.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://content.eia-global.org/posts/documents/000/000/783/original/EIA-NigeriaBrief-hires.pdf?1537994979
  20. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. 2016. “Seventeenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties, Johannesburg (South Africa), 24 September – 5 October 2016. Consideration of Proposals for Amendment of Appendices I and II. CoP17 Prop. 57.” Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://cites.org/sites/default/files/eng/cop/17/prop/060216/E-CoP17-Prop-57.pdf
  21. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2019. “Ban-Boozled: How corruption and collusion fuel illegal rosewood trade in Ghana.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://content.eia-global.org/posts/documents/000/000/906/original/BAN_Boozled_Rosewood_Ghana.pdf?1564513559
  22. Basik Treanor, Naomi. 2015. “China’s Hongmu Consumption Boom: Analysis of the Chinese Rosewood Trade and Links to Illegal Activity in Tropical Forested Countries.” Forest Trends. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/imported/for173-china-rosewood-report-letter-16-0329-hr-no-crops-pdf.pdf
  23. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2018. “Authorized Plunder: The Rosewood Stockpile Sale.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://content.eia-global.org/posts/documents/000/000/802/original/EIA_US_Guinea-Bissau_report_0918_US_Format_FINAL_MEDRES.pdf?1547131805
  24. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2016. “Red Alert: How fraudulent Siamese rosewood exports from Laos and Cambodia are undermining CITES protection.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://eia-international.org/wp-content/uploads/EIA-Red-Alert-FINAL.pdf
  25. Xuan To, Phuc, Naomi Basik Treanor, and Kerstin Canby. 2017. “Impacts of the Laos Log and Sawnwood Bans.” Forest Trends. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/imported/laos-export-ban-v12-typo-fix-14-sept-2017-pdf.pdf
  26. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2018. “Vietnam in Violation: Action required on fake CITES permits for rosewood trade.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://eia-international.org/wp-content/uploads/EIA-report-Vietnam-in-violation-spreads.pdf
  27. Richer, Eve. 2014. “Analysis of the China-Myanmar Timber Trade.” Forest Trends. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/imported/ch-my-policy-brief-jan-9-2015_rev-pdf.pdf
  28. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2019. “State of Corruption: The top-level conspiracy behind the global trade in Myanmar’s stolen teak.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.illegal-logging.info/sites/files/chlogging/EIA-report-State-of-Corruption-ilovepdf-compressed.pdf
  29. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2015. “Organised Chaos: The illicit overland timber trade between Myanmar and China.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://eia-international.org/wp-content/uploads/EIA-Organised-Chaos-FINAL-lr1.pdf
  30. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2014. “Myanmar’s Rosewood Crisis: Why key species and forests must be protected through CITES.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://eia-international.org/wp-content/uploads/Myanmars-rosewood-crisis-FINAL.pdf
  31. NEPCon, 2017. “Timber Legality Risk Assessment – Guatemala.” NEPCon. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.nepcon.org/sites/default/files/library/2017-11/NEPCon-TIMBER-Guatemala-Risk-Assessment-EN-V1.2.pdf
  32. Dyer, Zach. 2016. “Illegal logging threatens Costa Rica’s valuable species and vulnerable national parks.” The Tico Times, January 12. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://ticotimes.net/2016/01/12/illegal-logging-threatens-costa-ricas-valuable-species-and-vulnerable-national-parks
  33. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2014. “Rosewood and the Ongoing Illegal Logging Crisis in Belize.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://content.eia-global.org/assets/2014/07/Rosewood_Belize/Rosewood_Belize.pdf
  34. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2014. “Routes of Extinction: The corruption and violence destroying Siamese rosewood in the Mekong.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://eia-international.org/wp-content/uploads/Routes-of-Extinction-FINAL-lo-res.pdf
  35. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2010. “Investigation Into the Global Trade in Malagasy Precious Woods: Rosewood, Ebony and Pallisander.” Environmental Investigation Agency, and Global Witness. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://content.eia-global.org/posts/documents/000/000/369/original/Investigation_into_Malagasy_Wood_Trade.pdf?1468266839
  36. Global Witness. 2018. “Paradise Lost: How China can help the Solomon Islands protect its forests.” Global Witness. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/paradise-lost/
  37. Greenpeace. 2007. “Merbau’s Last Stand: How Industrial Logging Is Driving the Destruction of the Paradise Forests of Asia Pacific.” Greenpeace. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.greenpeace.org/eastasia/Global/eastasia/publications/reports/forests/2007/merbau-report.pdf
  38. Global Witness. 2017. “Stained Trade: How U.S. Imports of Exotic Flooring from China Risk Driving the Theft of Indigenous Land and Deforestation in Papua New Guinea.” Global Witness. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/stained-trade/
  39. Greenpeace. 2006. “Sharing the Blame: Global Consumption and China’s Role in Ancient Forest Destruction.” Greenpeace. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.greenpeace.org/eastasia/Global/eastasia/publications/reports/forests/2006/sharing-the-blame.pdf
  40. Wenbin, Huang, and Xiufang Sun. 2013. “Tropical Hardwood Flows in China: Case Studies of Rosewood and Okoumé.” Forest Trends, World Agroforestry Centre, and the Center for International Forestry Research. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/imported/tropical-hardwood-flows-in-china-v12_12_3_2013-pdf.pdf
  41. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2019. “Toxic Trade: Forest Crime in Gabon and the Republic of Congo and Contamination of the US Market.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://content.eia-global.org/posts/documents/000/000/830/original/Toxic_Trade_EIA-web.pdf?1553480150
  42. Government of Cameroon. 1999. Décret 99/781/PM du 13 Octobre 1999: régime des forêts, de la faune et de la pêche. October 13, 1999. http://gfbcam.com/download/decret-99781pm-du-13-octobre-1999-regime-des-forets-de-la-faune-et-de-la-peche/
  43. Global Witness. 2015. “Exporting Impunity: How Congo’s rainforest is illegally logged for international markets.” Global Witness. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/democratic-republic-congo/exporting-impunity/
  44. NEPCon. 2017. “Timber Legality Risk Assessment – Côte d’Ivoire.” NEPCon. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.nepcon.org/sites/default/files/library/2017-11/NEPCon-TIMBER-CoteD%27Ivoire-Risk-Assessment-EN-V1.2.pdf
  45. Forest Legality Initiative. 2014. “Risk Tool – Republic of Congo.” Forest Legality Initiative. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://forestlegality.org/risk-tool/country/republic-congo
  46. NEPCon, 2017. “Timber Legality Risk Assessment – Ghana.” NEPCon. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.nepcon.org/sites/default/files/library/2017-12/NEPCon-TIMBER-Ghana-Risk-Assessment-EN-V1.2.pdf
  47. International Union for Conservation of Nature. 2019. “IUCN and TRAFFIC Analyses of the proposals to amend the CITES Appendices at the 18th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties.” International Union for Conservation of Nature, and TRAFFIC. Accessed August 22, 2018. https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/CITES-007-2019-En.pdf
  48. Greenpeace. 2018. “Imaginary Trees, Real Destruction: How Licensing Fraud and Illegal Logging of Ipe Trees are Causing Irreversible Damage to the Amazon Rainforest.” Greenpeace. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://storage.googleapis.com/planet4-international-stateless/2018/03/b91d03c3-greenpeace-report_imaginary-trees-real-destruction_march-2018.pdf
  49. Greenpeace. 2013. “The Amazon’s Silent Crisis.” Greenpeace. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.greenpeace.org/usa/wp-content/uploads/legacy/Global/usa/planet3/PDFs/SilentCrisisTimberReport.pdf
  50. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2018. “Destination China: A companion briefing to Moment of Truth.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://content.eia-global.org/posts/documents/000/000/698/original/PeruChinaBrief_ENG.pdf?1517965010
  51. Schaap, Brian, and Kerstin Canby. 2018. “China’s Log Imports from Countries with Log Export bans: Trade Trends and Due Diligence Risks.” Forest Trends. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/China-LEB-Policy-Brief__FINAL_2018.pdf
  52. Forest Trends. 2019. “Known Forest Product Export Bans, as of September 2019.” Forest Trends. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/known-log-export-bans/
  53. FAO. 2015. “Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015.” Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4808e.pdf
  54. Forest Stewardship Council. 2019. “FSC Facts & Figures – July 4 2019.” Forest Stewardship Council. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://fsc.org/en/page/facts-figures
  55. Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification. 2019. “PEFC Global Statistics: SFM & CoC Certification, Data: March 2019.” Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://storage.googleapis.com/pefc-platform/pefc.org/media/2019-06/9385f27c-df4d-43e3-b062-e5cce79f6f4f/44f2e00d-059b-5387-8cb2-2b9b01365d29.pdf
  56. Forest Stewardship Council and the Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification. 2019. “Double Certification FSC and PEFC – Estimations for Mid 2018 Briefing.” Forest Stewardship Council, and the Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://storage.googleapis.com/pefc-platform/pefc.org/media/2019-04/baecf2a2-144e-4c47-a24b-7a5df7ba2a24/bc3a2d7d-78d4-5863-b11c-d363da8ec380.pdf
  57. FAO. 2017. “FAOSTAT.” Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/RF
  58. Basik Treanor, Naomi, et al. 2019. “China’s Trade of Wood Products with EU Member States and VPA Countries.” Unpublished report.
  59. Theil, Anne and Xiufang Sun. 2016. “China’s Logging Ban Impacts Not Just Its Own Forestry Industry, but Others around the World as Well.” Forest Trends. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/imported/chinas-logging-ban-in-natural-forests-final-3-14-2016-pdf.pdf
  60. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2013. “Liquidating the Forests: Hardwood Flooring, Organized Crime, and the World’s Last Siberian Tigers.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://content.eia-global.org/posts/documents/000/000/609/original/EIA_Liquidating_the_Forests.pdf?1479504214
  61. Yi, Shi. 2019. “How Illegally Harvested Timber Is ‘Greenwashed’ in China.” Sixth Tone, January 16. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.sixthtone.com/news/1003369/how-illegally-harvested-timber-is-greenwashed-in-china#
  62. Global Witness. 2018. “A Major Liability: Illegal logging in Papua New Guinea threatens China’s timber sector and global reputation.” Global Witness. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/major-liability-illegal-logging-papua-new-guinea-threatens-chinas-timber-sector-and-global-reputation/
  63. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 2013. “Transnational Organized Crime in East Asia and the Pacific: A Threat Assessment.” United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.unodc.org/res/cld/bibliography/transnational-organized-crime-in-east-asia-and-the-pacific-a-threat-assessment_html/TOCTA_EAP_web.pdf
  64. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2014. “First Class Crisis: China’s Criminal and Unsustainable Intervention in Mozambique’s Miombo Forests.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://eia-international.org/wp-content/uploads/First-Class-Crisis-English-FINAL.pdf
  65. International Institute for Environment and Development. 2015. “Exploring options to improve practice for Africa’s largest exporter of timber to China.” International Institute for Environment and Development, Terra Firma, and Menezes, Espada & Serra. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://pubs.iied.org/pdfs/G03947.pdf?
  66. Pillet, Nicholas, and Michael Sawyer. 2015. “EUTR: Plywood imported from China.” United Kingdom National Measurement Office. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.illegal-logging.info/sites/files/chlogging/Chinese_Plywood_Research_Report.pdf
Colombia
  1. NEPCon. 2017. “Timber Legality Risk Assessment – Colombia.” NEPCon. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.nepcon.org/sites/default/files/library/2017-11/NEPCon-TIMBER-Colombia-Risk-Assessment-EN-V1.2.pdf
  2. Norman, Marigold, Jade Saunders, and Kerstin Canby. 2017. “National Governance Indicators – Relevance for the Regulation of the Trade in Illegal Timber.” Forest Trends. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/publications/national-governance-indicators/
  3. World Bank Group’s Fragile, Conflict and Violence Group. 2018. “Harmonized List of Fragile Situations.” World Bank Group’s Fragile, Conflict and Violence Group. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/fragilityconflictviolence/brief/harmonized-list-of-fragile-situations
  4. Forest Trends. 2019. “Known Forest Product Export Bans, as of September 2019.” Forest Trends. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/known-log-export-bans/
  5. United Nations Statistics Division. 2018. “UN Comtrade.” United Nations Statistics Division. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://comtrade.un.org/data/
  6. The Global Forest & Trade Network. 2015. “Country Profiles – 2015; Bolivia, Cameroon, China, Colombia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Panama, Peru, Russian Far East, Vietnam.” World Wildlife Fund. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://assets.worldwildlife.org/publications/677/files/original/March_2015_Country_Risk_Profile_NA_Booklet.pdf?1429535765
  7. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2019. “Condenando El Bosque: Ilegalidad y falta de gobernanza en la Amazonía colombiana.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://content.eia-global.org/posts/documents/000/000/894/original/Condenando_el_Bosque.pdf?1561565558
  8. TRAFFIC. N.d. “Colombia Briefing Document.” TRAFFIC, World Wildlife Fund, the International Union for Conservation Nature, and the European Commission. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.traffic.org/site/assets/files/8617/flegt-colombia.pdf
  9. European Timber Trade Federation. 2012. “ETTF System for Due Diligence.” European Timber Trade Federation. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.ettf.info/sites/default/files/ettf_due-diligence-system-document_dec2012.pdf
  10. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. 2019. “Eighteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties Geneva (Switzerland), 17-28 August 2019. Implementing CITES Rosewood Species Listings: A Diagnostic Guide for Rosewood Range States. CoP18 Inf. 50.” Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://cites.org/sites/default/files/eng/cop/18/inf/E-CoP18-Inf-050.pdf
  11. FAO. 2015. “Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015.” Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4808e.pdf
  12. Global Canopy. 2019. “The REDD Desk – Colombia.” Global Canopy. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://theredddesk.org/countries/colombia/statistics
  13. Forest Stewardship Council. 2019. “FSC Facts & Figures – July 4 2019.” Forest Stewardship Council. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://fsc.org/en/page/facts-figures
  14. FAO. 2017. “FAOSTAT.” Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/RF
  15. Van Eynde, Karla, and Tom Blomley. 2015. “Informe: Causas de la Ilegalidad de la Madera en Colombia. Un Estudio Sobre los Flujos del Comercio de la Madera, los Actores y los Impactos de la Tala Ilegal.” World Wildlife Fund, and the European Union. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://d2ouvy59p0dg6k.cloudfront.net/downloads/ilegalidadmadera_m3_b18_c5_web.pdf
  16. International Crisis Group. 2019. “Calming the Restless Pacific: Violence and Crime on Colombia’s Coast. Latin America Report No” International Crisis Group. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/076-calming-the-restless-pacific.pdf
  17. Government of Colombia, Ministerio del Medio Ambiente. Resolucion Numero 1367 de 2000. December 29, 2000. http://www.minambiente.gov.co/images/BosquesBiodiversidadyServiciosEcosistemicos/pdf/Normativa/Resoluciones/res_1367_291200.pdf
  18. Government of Colombia, Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible. 2016. “Guía para exportar e importar productos maderables y no maderables en Colombia.” Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://www.minambiente.gov.co/images/BosquesBiodiversidadyServiciosEcosistemicos/pdf/gobernanza_forestal/Cartilla_Export._e_Importaci%C3%B3n_Productos_Maderables.pdf
  19. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2019. “Oficio con registro 138201245, número 00719, de fecha 9 de mayo de 2019 dentro del proceso 00864 de la DIAN.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019.
    https://www.condenandoelbosque.org/s/Oficio-con-registro-138201245-numero-00719-de-fecha-9-de-mayo-de-2019_Redacted.pdf
  20. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2019. “Oficio con registro 2019065173-2-000 de fecha 20 de mayo de 2019 dentro del proceso 2019065173 firmado por el Subdirector de Instrumentos, permisos y procedimientos ambientales del ANLA.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019.
    https://www.condenandoelbosque.org/s/Oficio-con-registro-2019065173-2-000-de-fecha-20-de-mayo-de-2019.pdf
  21. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2019. “Respuesta de la SUNAT a la solicitud F5030 N° 88018337, de fecha 29 de mayo de 2019.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019.
    https://www.condenandoelbosque.org/s/Respuesta-de-la-SUNAT-a-la-solicitud-F5030-N-88018337-de-fecha-29-de-mayo-de-2019.pdf
  22. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2019. “Oficio con registro 2019065173-2-000 de fecha 11 de junio 2019 dentro del proceso 2019079351 firmado por el Subdirector de Instrumentos, permisos y procedimientos ambientales del ANLA; y una comparación de la data de comercio de Panjiva en el mismo periodo (2015-2019).” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://colombia-derechosdepeticion-docs.s3.amazonaws.com/Oficio+con+registro+2019065173-2-000+de+fecha+11+de+junio+2019.pdf
  23. Government of Colombia, Ministerio del Medio Ambiente. 1996. Decreto 1791 de 1996. October 4, 1996. http://www.ideam.gov.co/documents/24024/36843/decreto1791_1996.pdf/
  24. Redacción Judicial. 2018. “Procurador propone eliminar las Corporaciones Autónomas Regionales.” El Espectador, August 13. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.elespectador.com/noticias/judicial/procurador-propone-eliminar-las-corporaciones-autonomas-regionales-articulo-805999
  25. ECE Consultores. 2019. “Los Patrones de la Selva.” 360-grados and ECE Consultores. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.360-grados.co/madera/los-patrones-de-la-amazonia-colombiana.html
  26. Kjelstad, Bjorn and Felipe Puerta. 2019. “How Organized Crime Profits from Deforestation in Colombia.” InSight Crime, January 7 2019. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.insightcrime.org/news/analysis/organized-crime-deforestation-colombia/
  27. Calle, Hellena. 2018. “Así funciona el tráfico de madera en Colombia.” OjoPúblico, September 30, 2018. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://ojo-publico.com/843/asi-funciona-el-trafico-de-madera-en-colombia
  28. Silva, Sergio. 2018. “Colombia le dice adiós a sus selvas.” OjoPúblico, September 30, 2018. Accessed August 22, 2018. https://ojo-publico.com/844/colombia-le-dice-adios-sus-selvas
Gabon
  1. NEPCon, 2017. “Timber Legality Risk Assessment – Gabon.” NEPCon. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.nepcon.org/sites/default/files/library/2017-11/NEPCon-TIMBER-Gabon-Risk-Assessment-EN-V1.2.pdf
  2. Norman, Marigold, Jade Saunders, and Kerstin Canby. 2017. “National Governance Indicators – Relevance for the Regulation of the Trade in Illegal Timber.” Forest Trends. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/publications/national-governance-indicators/
  3. World Bank Group’s Fragile, Conflict and Violence Group. 2018. “Harmonized List of Fragile Situations.” World Bank Group’s Fragile, Conflict and Violence Group. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/fragilityconflictviolence/brief/harmonized-list-of-fragile-situations
  4. Forest Trends. 2019. “Known Forest Product Export Bans, as of September 2019.” Forest Trends. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/known-log-export-bans/
  5. United Nations Statistics Division. 2018. “UN Comtrade.” United Nations Statistics Division. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://comtrade.un.org/data/
  6. European Timber Trade Federation. 2018. “Timber Trade Portal – Gabon.” European Timber Trade Federation, and the Association Technique Internationale des Bois Tropicaux. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://www.timbertradeportal.com/countries/gabon/#legality-profile
  7. Forest Legality Initiative. 2014. “Risk Tool – Gabon.” Forest Legality Initiative. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://forestlegality.org/risk-tool/country/gabon#tab-products
  8. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2019. “Toxic Trade: Forest Crime in Gabon and the Republic of Congo and Contamination of the US Market.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://content.eia-global.org/posts/documents/000/000/830/original/Toxic_Trade_EIA-web.pdf?1553480150
  9. FAO. 2015. “Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015.” Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4808e.pdf
  10. Forest Stewardship Council. 2019. “FSC Facts & Figures – July 4 2019.” Forest Stewardship Council. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://fsc.org/en/page/facts-figures
  11. Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification. 2019. “PEFC Global Statistics: SFM & CoC Certification, Data: March 2019.” Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification. Accessed August 22, 2019.
  12. FAO. 2017. “FAOSTAT.” Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/RF
  13. Nasi, Robert, Jean Claude Nguinguiri, and Ezzine de Blas Driss. 2006. Exploitation et gestion durable des forêts en Afrique Centrale: la quête de la durabilité. Paris: L’Harmattan.
  14. de Wasseige, Carlos, et al. 2009. Les Forêts du Bassin du Congo: etat des Forêts 2008. Luxembourg: Office des Publications de l’Union Européenne.
  15. Royal Economic Society. 2013. “Royal Economic Society Newsletter, Issue no. 161, April 2013.” Royal Economic Society. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.446.8606&rep=rep1&type=pdf
  16. Mvondo, Samuel Assembe. 2008. “VERIFOR Case Study 12. Gabon: current situation with verification and forest control activities.” Overseas Development Institute. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/4466.pdf
  17. World Resources Institute. 2009. “Interactive Forest Atlas for Gabon (Atlas Forestier Interactif du Gabon).” World Resources Institute. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.wri.org/resources/data-sets/interactive-forest-atlas-gabon-atlas-forestier-interactif-du-gabon
  18. Central African Forest Commission, Central African Forest Observatory. d. “Gestion des forêts et de la filière bois en Afrique Centrale.” Central African Forest Commission, Central African Forest Observatory. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.observatoire-comifac.net/africa/forest_management
  19. Sun, Xiufang. 2014. “Forest Products Trade between China and Africa: An Analysis of Import and Export Statistics.” Forest Trends. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/imported/china-and-africa-report-letter_6-17-14pdf-pdf.pdf
  20. Wenbin, Huang, and Andreas Wilkes. “Analyse des autorisations accordées aux entreprises chinoises pour investir dans les secteurs minier, agricole et forestier en Afrique.” Center for International Forestry Research. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/WPapers/WP124CIFOR.pdf
  21. Jansson, Johanna, Christopher Burke, and Wenran Jiang. 2009. “Chinese Companies in the Extractive Industries of Gabon & the DRC: Perceptions of Transparency.” Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative, Revenue Watch Institute, and the University of Stellenbosch Centre for Chinese Studies. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://resourcegovernance.org/sites/default/files/Chinese%20Companies%20in%20the%20Extractive%20Industries%20of%20Gabon%20and%20the%20DRC%20-%20Perceptions%20of%20Transparency.pdf
  22. Belligoli, Serena. 2010. “EU, China and the Environmental Challenge in Africa – A case study from timber industry in Gabon.” University of Louvain la Neuve. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.ies.be/files/Belligoli-F5.pdf
  23. Zafinikamia, Marie-Luce Bia. 2017. “Three essays on tropical forest economics: the case of Gabon.” University Paris 1 Pantheon Sorbonne. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01916765/document
  24. Dougueli, Georges. 2011. “Gabon: qui exploite la forêt gabonaise?” Jeune Afrique, May 19. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.jeuneafrique.com/191570/archives-thematique/gabon-qui-exploite-la-for-t-gabonaise/
  25. Bilogo Bi Ndong, Laurentine et al. 2010. “Rapport d’étude sur le commerce et les investissements Chinois en Afrique – Cas du Gabon.” Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.brainforest-gabon.org/panel/docfichiers/fichiers/28-rapport_commerce-et-investissement-chinois-en-afrique.pdf
  26. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2019. “Raw Intelligence: WCTS.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://eia-global.org/blog-posts/20190522-raw-intelligence-wcts-blog
  27. Dewast, Louise. 2019. “Gabon timber scandal: How 300 containers of kevazingo went missing,” British Broadcasting Corporation, May 22. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-48363680
  28. Weng, Xiaoxue, et al. 2014. “The Africa–China timber trade: Diverse business models call for specialized policy responses.” Center for International Forestry Research. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/infobrief/4518-brief.pdf
  29. Ndjimbi, Franck. 2018. “Etude sur la Transparence dans le Secteur Forestier au Gabon.” Accessed August 22, 2019. http://www.brainforest-gabon.org/panel/docfichiers/fichiers/130-etude%20sur%20la%20transparence%20dans%20le%20secteur%20forestier%20au%20gabon.pdf
Ghana
  1. NEPCon, 2017. “Timber Legality Risk Assessment – Gabon.” NEPCon. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.nepcon.org/sites/default/files/library/2017-11/NEPCon-TIMBER-Gabon-Risk-Assessment-EN-V1.2.pdf
  2. Norman, Marigold, Jade Saunders, and Kerstin Canby. 2017. “National Governance Indicators – Relevance for the Regulation of the Trade in Illegal Timber.” Forest Trends. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/publications/national-governance-indicators/
  3. World Bank Group’s Fragile, Conflict and Violence Group. 2018. “Harmonized List of Fragile Situations.” World Bank Group’s Fragile, Conflict and Violence Group. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/fragilityconflictviolence/brief/harmonized-list-of-fragile-situations
  4. Forest Trends. 2019. “Known Forest Product Export Bans, as of September 2019.” Forest Trends. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/known-log-export-bans/
  5. EU FLEGT Facility. 2018. “Ghana – All about the Ghana-EU Voluntary Partnership Agreement.” EU FLEGT Facility. Accessed November 7, 2019. http://www.euflegt.efi.int/ghana
  6. Chatham House. 2018. “Illegal Logging Portal – Ghana.” Chatham House. Accessed November 7, 2019. https://www.illegal-logging.info/regions/ghana
  7. Global Witness. 2013. “Three quarters of Ghana’s logging permits could break Europe’s new timber law.” Global Witness. Accessed November 7, 2019. https://www.globalwitness.org/en/archive/ghanapermits/
  8. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2019. “Ban-Boozled. How Corruption and Collusion Fuel Illegal Rosewood Trade in Ghana.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://content.eia-global.org/posts/documents/000/000/906/original/BAN_Boozled_Rosewood_Ghana.pdf?1564513559
  9. United Nations Statistics Division. 2018. “UN Comtrade.” United Nations Statistics Division. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://comtrade.un.org/data/
  10. European Timber Trade Federation. 2018. “Timber Trade Portal – Ghana.” European Timber Trade Federation, and the Association Technique Internationale des Bois Tropicaux. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://www.timbertradeportal.com/countries/ghana/#legality-profile
  11. Government of Ghana. 1998. L.I. 1649 – Timber Resources Management Regulations, 1998. November 10, 1998. http://www.fcghana.org/library_info.php?doc=46&publication:L.I.%201649%20-%20Timber%20Resources%20Management%20Regulations,%201998&id=15
  12. Forest Legality Initiative. 2014. “Risk Tool – Ghana.” Forest Legality Initiative. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://forestlegality.org/risk-tool/country/ghana#tab-resources
  13. FAO. 2015. “Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015.” Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4808e.pdf
  14. Forest Stewardship Council. 2019. “FSC Facts & Figures – July 4 2019.” Forest Stewardship Council. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://fsc.org/en/page/facts-figures
  15. FAO. 2017. “FAOSTAT.” Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/RF
  16. Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade Independent Market Monitor. N.d. “Ghana feels ready to start FLEGT-licensing-and shares experience with other VPA Partner Countries.” Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade Independent Market Monitor. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://www.flegtimm.eu/index.php/newsletter/flegt-policy-news/91-ghana-feels-ready-to-start-flegt-licensing-and-shares-experience-with-other-vpa-partner-countries
  17. Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade Independent Market Monitor. N.d. “‘Ghana demonstrated an impressive technical capacity’, says shipment test report.” Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade Independent Market Monitor. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://www.flegtimm.eu/index.php/newsletter/flegt-policy-news/46-ghana-demonstrated-an-impressive-technical-capacity-says-shipment-test-report
  18. Joint Monitoring and Review Mechanism Secretariats of the European Commission and Ghana. N.d. “Progress Report 2013-2017. Implementing the Ghana-EU FLEGT Voluntary Partnership Agreement.” Joint Monitoring and Review Mechanism Secretariats of the European Commission and Ghana. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://www.euflegt.efi.int/documents/10180/438736/Ghana+Progress+Report+2013+%E2%80%93+2017.pdf/96b75d78-7eb8-0761-85c2-3daa07e7dfe6
  19. Government of Ghana, Forestry Commission. N.d. “Timber Legality Transparency Portal.” Government of Ghana, Forestry Commission. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.ghanatimbertransparency.info/#!/home
  20. FAO. 2018. “Transparency in Ghana’s timber sector improved through public information portal.” FAO. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://www.fao.org/in-action/eu-fao-flegt-programme/news-events/news-details/en/c/1114430/
  21. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2016. “The Hongmu Challenge: A briefing for the 66th meeting of the CITES Standing Committee, January 2016.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://content.eia-global.org/assets/2016/01/The_Hongmu_Challenge.pdf
  22. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2016. “Cycles of Destruction: Unsustainability, Illegality, and Violence in the Hongmu Trade.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://content.eia-global.org/posts/documents/000/000/521/original/EIA_Unsustainability_Illegality_and_Violence_in_the_Hongmu_Trade.pdf?1474900133
  23. GhanaWeb. 2017. “Government permits over 20 companies to fell rosewood.” GhanaWeb, August 31. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/business/Government-permits-over-20-companies-to-fell-rosewood-576071#
  24. Dumenu, William Kwadwo. 2019. “Assessing the impact of felling/export ban and CITES designation on exploitation of African rosewood (Pterocarpus erinaceus).” Biological Conservation 236: 124-133. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S000632071930117X?via%3Dihub
  25. Forest Watch Ghana. 2017. “The Ghana Rosewood Mess: Fast-Tracking Ghana Vpa Implementation As A Solution.” Accessed November 7, 2019. http://forestwatchghana.org/news/the-ghana-rosewood-mess-fast-tracking-ghana-vpa-implementation-as-a-solution/
  26. Gakpo, Joseph Opoku. 2019. “How illegal rosewood logging thrived despite gov’t ban.” My Joy Online. Accessed November 7, 2019. https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2019/June-8th/hotline-documentary-how-illegal-rosewood-logging-thrived-despite-govt-ban.php
Indonesia
  1. Norman, Marigold, Jade Saunders, and Kerstin Canby. 2017. “National Governance Indicators – Relevance for the Regulation of the Trade in Illegal Timber.” Forest Trends. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/publications/national-governance-indicators/
  2. World Bank Group’s Fragile, Conflict and Violence Group. 2018. “Harmonized List of Fragile Situations.” World Bank Group’s Fragile, Conflict and Violence Group. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/fragilityconflictviolence/brief/harmonized-list-of-fragile-situations
  3. Forest Trends. 2019. “Known Forest Product Export Bans, as of September 2019.” Forest Trends. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/known-log-export-bans/
  4. Norman, Marigold and Jade Saunders. 2017. “Regulating the Trade in Illegal Timber.” Forest Trends. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/doc_5634.pdf
  5. United Nations Statistics Division. 2018. “UN Comtrade.” United Nations Statistics Division. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://comtrade.un.org/data/
  6. World Wildlife Fund, Global Forest & Trade Network. 2015. “Country Profiles – 2015; Bolivia, Cameroon, China, Colombia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Panama, Peru, Russian Far East, Vietnam.” World Wildlife Fund, Global Forest & Trade Network. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://assets.worldwildlife.org/publications/677/files/original/March_2015_Country_Risk_Profile_NA_Booklet.pdf?1429535765
  7. Forest Legality Initiative. 2016. “Risk Tool – Indonesia.” Forest Legality Initiative. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://forestlegality.org/risk-tool/country/indonesia#tab-laws
  8. European Timber Trade Federation. 2018. “Timber Trade Portal – Indonesia.” European Timber Trade Federation, and the Association Technique Internationale des Bois Tropicaux. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://www.timbertradeportal.com/countries/indonesia/#legality-profile
  9. Basik Treanor, Naomi. 2015. “China’s Hongmu Consumption Boom: Analysis of the Chinese Rosewood Trade and Links to Illegal Activity in Tropical Forested Countries.” Forest Trends. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/imported/for173-china-rosewood-report-letter-16-0329-hr-no-crops-pdf.pdf
  10. FAO. 2015. “Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015.” Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4808e.pdf
  11. Forest Stewardship Council. 2019. “FSC Facts & Figures – July 4 2019.” Forest Stewardship Council. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://fsc.org/en/page/facts-figures
  12. Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification. 2019. “PEFC Global Statistics: SFM & CoC Certification, Data: March 2019.” Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://storage.googleapis.com/pefc-platform/pefc.org/media/2019-06/9385f27c-df4d-43e3-b062-e5cce79f6f4f/44f2e00d-059b-5387-8cb2-2b9b01365d29.pdf
  13. FAO. 2017. “FAOSTAT.” Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/RF
  14. Forest Trends. 2015. “Indonesia’s Legal Timber Supply Gap and Implications for Expansion of Milling Capacity: A Review of the Road Map for the Revitalization of the Forest Industry, Phase 1.” Forest Trends, and the Anti-Forest Mafia Coalition. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/imported/for165-indonesia-timber-supply-analysis-letter-15-0217_smaller-pdf.pdf
  15. Forest Trends. 2018. “Meeting Summary: Timber Regulation Enforcement Exchange: Hamburg, Germany, October 10-11 2018.” Forest Trends, the United States Forest Service, and the Government of Germany, Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/TREE-Meeting-Summary-Hamburg-Final.pdf
  16. Obidzinski, Krystof, and Ahmad Dermawan. 2012. “ARD Learning Exchange, Day 5 – Friday, 11 May 2012 – New round of pulp and paper expansion in Indonesia: What do we know and what do we need to know?” Center for International Forestry Research, and the World Bank. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.cifor.org/ard/documents/background/Day5.pdf
  17. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2019. “Toxic Trade: Forest Crime in Gabon and the Republic of Congo and Contamination of the US Market.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://content.eia-global.org/posts/documents/000/000/830/original/Toxic_Trade_EIA-web.pdf?1553480150
  18. Hoare, Alison. 2015. “Illegal Logging and Related Trade: The Response in Cameroon.” Chatham House. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/publications/research/20150121IllegalLoggingCameroonHoare.pdf
  19. NEPCon. 2017. “Timber Legality Risk Assessment – Cameroon.” NEPCon. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.nepcon.org/sites/default/files/library/2017-06/TIMBER-Cameroon-Risk-Assessment.pdf
  20. NEPCon. 2017. “Timber Legality Risk Assessment – Central African Republic.” NEPCon. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.nepcon.org/sites/default/files/library/2017-11/NEPCon-TIMBER-CentralAfricanRepublic-Risk-Assessment-EN-V1.2.pdf
  21. Earthsight. 2018. “The Coming Storm: How Secrecy and Collusion in Industrial Agriculture Spell Disaster for the Congo Basin’s Forests.” Earthsight. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://docs.wixstatic.com/ugd/624187_3b22354dff0843789fc440cb4674caaf.pdf
  22. Beltra, Daniel. 2017. “Total Systems Failure: Exposing the Global Secrecy Destroying Forests in the Democratic Republic of Congo.” Global Witness. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.globalwitness.org/en-gb/campaigns/forests/total-systems-failure/
  23. Earthsight. 2018. “Complicit in Corruption: how billion-dollar firms and EU governments are failing Ukraine’s forests.” Earthsight. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://docs.wixstatic.com/ugd/624187_b18651c93cce4e1d8fce83e9b922c871.pdf
  24. Global Witness. 2017. “Stained Trade: How U.S. Imports of Exotic Flooring from China Risk Driving the Theft of Indigenous Land and Deforestation in Papua New Guinea.” Global Witness. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/stained-trade/
  25. Global Witness. 2018. “A Major Liability: Illegal logging in Papua New Guinea threatens China’s timber sector and global reputation.” Global Witness. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/major-liability-illegal-logging-papua-new-guinea-threatens-chinas-timber-sector-and-global-reputation/
  26. Butler, Rhett A. 2015. “Singapore court: illicit timber trafficking through our ports not our problem.” Mongabay, November 13. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://news.mongabay.com/2015/11/singapore-court-illicit-timber-trafficking-through-our-ports-not-our-problem/
  27. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2019. “Singapore Court Returns Nearly 30,000 Illegal Madagascar Rosewood Logs to Trafficker.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://eia-global.org/blog-posts/20190424-singapore-court-returns-nearly-30000-illegal-madagascar-rosewood-logs-to-trafficker
  28. Turton, Shaun, and Mandy Zheng. 2018. “Hong Kong’s Luxury Timber Problem: Major Stockpiles, Minor Prosecutions.” Coconuts Hong Kong, July 4. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://coconuts.co/hongkong/features/hong-kongs-luxury-timber-problem-major-stockpiles-minor-prosecutions/
  29. Lau, Wilson. 2014. “Hong Kong needs to do better in illegal wildlife trade fight.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://eia-international.org/blog/hong-kong-needs-to-do-better-in-illegal-wildlife-trade-fight/
  30. European Union and the Government of Indonesia. 2014. Voluntary Partnership Agreement between the European Union and the Republic of Indonesia on forest law enforcement, governance and trade in timber products into the European Union. May 20, 2014. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:22014A0520%2802%29&from=EN
  31. European Union European External Action Service. 2016. “Indonesia begins issuing FLEGT licensing scheme for verified legal timber products.” European Union European External Action Service. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage/14827/indonesia-begins-issuing-flegt-licensing-scheme-verified-legal-timber-products_fr
  32. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 2019. “UNODC and KPK pilot a Corruption Risk Assessment in the Forestry Sector in South-Sumatra Province, Indonesia.” United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.unodc.org/southeastasiaandpacific/en/what-we-do/anti-corruption/topics/32-unodc-and-kpk-pilot-a-corruption-risk-assessment-in-the-forestry-sector-in-south-sumatra-province–indonesia.html
  33. Jaringan Pemantau Independen Kehutanan. 2018. “2 Years of FLEGT License, Credibility and Accountability of Timber Legality Assurance System (SVLK) Must Be Improved.” Jaringan Pemantau Independen Kehutanan. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://jpik.or.id/info/wp-content/uploads/2018/Press%20Release/Position%20Paper_2%20Years%20of%20FLEGT%20License.pdf
  34. Government of Indonesia, Ministry of Environment and Forestry. 2018. “The State of Indonesia’s Forests 2018.” Government of Indonesia, Ministry of Environment and Forestry. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://perpustakaan.bappenas.go.id/lontar/file?file=digital/191959-%5B_Konten_%5D-Konten%20E2337.pdf
  35. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2014. “Permitting Crime: How palm oil expansion drives illegal logging in Indonesia.” Environmental Investigation Agency, and Jaringan Pemantau Independen Kehutanan. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://eia-international.org/wp-content/uploads/Permitting-Crime.pdf
  36. Syahni, Della. 2017. “Koalisi Temukan Dugaan Pelanggaran 7 Perusahaan Bersertifikat Kayu Legal di Papua.” Mongabay, November 29. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.mongabay.co.id/2017/11/29/koalisi-temukan-dugaan-pelanggaran-7-perusahaan-bersertifikat-kayu-legal-di-papua/
  37. 2018. “Final Countdown: Now or never to reform the palm oil industry.” Greenpeace. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.greenpeace.org/international/publication/18455/the-final-countdown-forests-indonesia-palm-oil/
  38. Chitra, Josefhine, and Kenny Cetera. 2018. “Indonesia Has a Carrot to End Illegal Logging; Now It Needs a Stick.” World Resources Institute. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.wri.org/blog/2018/01/indonesia-has-carrot-end-illegal-logging-now-it-needs-stick
Mexico
  1. NEPCon. 2017. “Timber Legality Risk Assessment – Mexico.” NEPCon. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.nepcon.org/sites/default/files/library/2017-11/NEPCon-TIMBER-Mexico-Risk-Assessment-EN-V1.2.pdf
  2. Norman, Marigold, Jade Saunders, and Kerstin Canby. 2017. “National Governance Indicators – Relevance for the Regulation of the Trade in Illegal Timber.” Forest Trends. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/FINAL-governance-paper-1132017_v3.pdf
  3. World Bank Group’s Fragile, Conflict and Violence Group. 2018. “Harmonized List of Fragile Situations.” World Bank Group’s Fragile, Conflict and Violence Group. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/fragilityconflictviolence/brief/harmonized-list-of-fragile-situations
  4. Forest Trends. 2019. “Known Forest Product Export Bans, as of September 2019.” Forest Trends. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/known-log-export-bans/
  5. United Nations Statistics Division. 2018. “UN Comtrade.” United Nations Statistics Division. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://comtrade.un.org/data/
  6. Forest Legality Initiative. 2016. “Risk Tool – Mexico.” Forest Legality Initiative. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://forestlegality.org/risk-tool/country/mexico#tab-management
  7. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. 2017. “Appendices I, II and III.” Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php
  8. Salas Martínez, E., S. Oldfield, and M.-S. Samain. 2017. “Balmea stormiae. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017.” International Union for Conservation of Nature. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/61532862/61532866
  9. Panjiva. 2018. “Panjiva.” S&P Global Market Intelligence. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://panjiva.com/data/central-and-south-america-trade-data
  10. FAO. 2015. “Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015.” Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4808e.pdf
  11. Forest Stewardship Council. 2019. “FSC Facts & Figures – July 4 2019.” Forest Stewardship Council. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://fsc.org/en/page/facts-figures
  12. García-Montiel, Emily et al. 2017. “An Analysis of Non-State and State Approaches for Forest Conservation in Mexico.” Forest 8(8): 290. https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/8/8/290/html
  13. FAO. 2017. “FAOSTAT.” Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/RF
  14. Navarro Gómez, Rolando, and Melissa Blue Sky. 2017. “’Continuous Improvement’ in Illegal Practices in the Peruvian Forest Sector.” Center for International Environmental Law. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.ciel.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/EnglishVersionFinal.pdf
  15. Urrunaga, Julia, Andrea Johnson, and I. Dhayneé Orbegozo Sánchez. 2018. “Moment of Truth: Promise or Peril for the Amazon as Peru Confronts its Illegal Timber Trade.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://content.eia-global.org/posts/documents/000/000/694/original/MomentofTruth.pdf?1520443534
  16. Caballero Deloya, Miguel. 2010. “The True Timber-Yielding Crop in Mexico.” Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Forestales 1(1): 5-16. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/634/63438954002.pdf
  17. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. 2018. “Al Menos 70 Por Ciento de la Madera Que Se Consume en México es Ilegal.” Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.dgcs.unam.mx/boletin/bdboletin/2018_173.html
  18. STB DeAcero. 2014. “Exportaciones Ilegales de Madera de México a China.” STB DeAcero, July 12, 2014. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://stbdeacero.com/2014/07/17/exportaciones-ilegales-de-madera-de-mexico-a-china/
  19. Enciso L., Angélica. 2014. “Mercado ilegal de palo de rosa en China amenaza a la especie.” La Jornada, July 14, 2014. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.jornada.com.mx/2014/07/14/politica/017n1pol
  20. Brunoticias. 2018. “Saquean Bosques de México Para Exportar Madera a China.” Brunoticias, March 5, 2018. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.brunoticias.com/saquean-bosques-mexico-exportar-madera-a-china/
  21. Román Moreno, Juan. 2018. “SOS para Calakmul.” Animal Político, July 31, 2018. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.animalpolitico.com/blog-invitado/sos-para-calakmul/
  22. Government of Mexico, Procuraduría Federal de Protección al Ambiente. 2018. “PROFEPA Asegura Mas de 26 M3 de Madera Dalbergia (en Peligro de Extinción), con Destino a China, en el Puerto de Lázaro Cárdenas, Michoacán.” Procuraduría Federal de Protección al Ambiente. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.gob.mx/profepa/prensa/profepa-asegura-mas-de-26-m3-de-madera-dalbergia-en-peligro-de-extincion-con-destino-a-china-en-el-puerto-de-lazaro-cardenas-michoacan?platform=hootsuite
  23. Government of Mexico, Procuraduría Federal de Protección al Ambiente. 2018. “La Comprobación del Aprovechamiento Lícito de la Madera es Responsabilidad de los Países de Origen: Señala la PROFEPA.” Procuraduría Federal de Protección al Ambiente. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.gob.mx/profepa/prensa/la-comprobacion-del-aprovechamiento-licito-de-la-madera-es-responsabilidad-de-los-paises-de-origen-senala-la-profepa
  24. Government of Mexico, Procuraduría Federal de Protección al Ambiente. 2016. “Asegura PROFEPA Nuevo Cargamento con 53 M3 de Madera Motoaserrada en Puerto Progresso, Yucatán.” Procuraduría Federal de Protección al Ambiente. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.profepa.gob.mx/innovaportal/v/7910/1/mx.wap/asegura_profepa_nuevo_cargamento_con_53_m3_de_madera_motoaserrada_en_puerto_progreso_yucatan.html
Myanmar
  1. NEPCon. 2017. “Timber Legality Risk Assessment – Myanmar.” NEPCon. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://data.opendevelopmentmekong.net/dataset/0820142f-9577-4f47-9e38-e879e4ecde08/resource/f408d7e7-7798-4487-99b7-1bc34c251d90/download/nepcon-timber-myanmar-risk-assessment-en-v1.pdf
  2. Norman, Marigold, Jade Saunders, and Kerstin Canby. 2017. “National Governance Indicators – Relevance for the Regulation of the Trade in Illegal Timber.” Forest Trends. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/FINAL-governance-paper-1132017_v3.pdf
  3. World Bank Group’s Fragile, Conflict and Violence Group. 2018. “Harmonized List of Fragile Situations.” World Bank Group’s Fragile, Conflict and Violence Group. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/fragilityconflictviolence/brief/harmonized-list-of-fragile-situations
  4. Forest Trends. 2019. “Known Forest Product Export Bans, as of September 2019.” Forest Trends. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/known-log-export-bans/
  5. United Nations Statistics Division. 2018. “UN Comtrade.” United Nations Statistics Division. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://comtrade.un.org/data/
  6. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2016. “Myanmar logging ban a major step to forest sector reform.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://eia-international.org/press-releases/myanmar-logging-ban-major-step-forest-reform/
  7. European Timber Trade Federation. 2018. “Timber Trade Portal – Myanmar.” European Timber Trade Federation, and the Association Technique Internationale des Bois Tropicaux. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://www.timbertradeportal.com/countries/myanmar/#legality-profile
  8. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2014. “Myanmar’s Rosewood Crisis – Why key species and forests must be protected through CITES.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://eia-international.org/wp-content/uploads/Myanmars-rosewood-crisis-FINAL.pdf
  9. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 2015. “Criminal justice response to wildlife and forest crime in Myanmar – A Rapid Assessment.” United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.unodc.org/documents/southeastasiaandpacific/Publications/wildlife/Myanmar_Illicit_Timber_Trade_Report_15.pdf
  10. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2019. “State of Corruption: The top-level conspiracy behind the global trade in Myanmar’s stolen teak.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://eia-international.org/wp-content/uploads/EIA-report-State-of-Corruption.pdf
  11. NEPCon. 2015. “Illegal timber risk summary – Myanmar.” NEPCon. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.illegal-logging.info/sites/files/chlogging/ForestryRiskProfile-Myanmar-04Jun15.pdf
  12. FAO. 2015. “Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015.” Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4808e.pdf
  13. FAO. 2017. “FAOSTAT.” Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/RF
  14. FAO. 2015. “Global Teak Trade in the Aftermath of Myanmar’s Log Export Ban.” Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i5023e.pdf
  15. Myanmar Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative. 2018. “Scoping Study Report, Forestry Sector; Pre-Final; Reconciliation for the Years Ended 31 March 2016 and 31 March 2016.” Myanmar Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://myanmareiti.org/sites/myanmareiti.org/files/publication_docs/meiti_forestry_scoping_report_pre-final_0.pdf
  16. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2019. “State of Corruption: The top-level conspiracy behind the global trade in Myanmar’s stolen teak.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://eia-international.org/wp-content/uploads/EIA-report-State-of-Corruption.pdf
  17. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2015. “Organised Chaos: The illicit overland timber trade between Myanmar and China.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://eia-international.org/wp-content/uploads/EIA-Organised-Chaos-FINAL-lr1.pdf
  18. World Bank. 2019. “Myanmar Country Environmental Analysis – Stability, Peace, and Prosperity: Forests, Fisheries, and Environmental Management. Forest Resources Sector Report.” World Bank, and the Government of Myanmar, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://documents.org/curated/en/907811560180123305/pdf/Myanmar-Country-Environmental-Analysis-Sustainability-Peace-and-Prosperity-Forests-Fisheries-and-Environmental-Management-Forest-Resources-Sector-Report.pdf
  19. United Nations Human Rights Council. 2019. “The economic interests of the Myanmar military*; Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Myanmar.” United Nations Human Rights Council. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/FFM-Myanmar/EconomicInterestsMyanmarMilitary/A_HRC_42_CRP_3.pdf
  20. Woods, Kevin. 2013. “Timber Trade Flows and Actors in Myanmar: The Political Economy of Myanmar’s Timber Trade.” Forest Trends, and UK Aid. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/imported/myanmar-timber-flows-pdf.pdf
  21. European Commission, Directorate-General Environment. 2019. “Summary Record of the FLEGT/EUTR Expert Group Meeting – 20 September 2017.” European Commission, Directorate-General Environment. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/regexpert/index.cfm?do=groupDetail.groupDetailDoc&id=39219&no=13
  22. United Nations Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre. 2018. “Myanmar – Country Overview to Aid Implementation of the EUTR.” United Nations Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.unep-wcmc.org/system/dataset_file_fields/files/000/000/565/original/Country_overview_Myanmar_25_10_2018.pdf?1563350973
  23. Springate-Baginski, Oliver, Thorsten Treue, and Kyaw Htun. 2016. “Legally and illegally logged out: The status of Myanmar’s timber sector and options for reform.” University of East Anglia, University of Copenhagen, EcoDev, Advancing Life and Regenerating Motherland, DanChurchAid. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://alarmmyanmar.org/pdf/Oliver%20Myanmar%20timber%20sector%20and%20options%20for%20reforms%20(ENG).pdf
  24. Woods, Kevin, and Kerstin Canby. 2011. “Baseline Study 4, Myanmar: Overview of Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade.” Forest Trends for FLEGT Asia Regional Programme. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs22/Baseline_Study_4,%20Myanmar_Overview_of_Forest_Law_Enforcement,%20Governance_&_Trade.pdf
  25. European Commission, Directorate-General Environment. 2019. “Summary Record: 23rd EUTR/FLEGT Expert Group Meeting, 30 April 2019.” European Commission, Directorate-General Environment. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/regexpert/index.cfm?do=groupDetail.groupMeetingDoc&docid=34250
  26. Richer, Eve. 2014. “Analysis of the China-Myanmar Timber Trade.” Forest Trends. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/imported/ch-my-policy-brief-jan-9-2015_rev-pdf.pdf
  27. NEPCon. 2013. “Myanmar forest sector legality analysis.” NEPCon. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://forestlegality.org/sites/default/files/country_documents/Myanmar%20Forestry%20Sector%20Legal%20Analysis%20%282013%29.pdf
  28. Forest Trends. 2019. “What is in Myanmar’s First EITI Forestry Reports?” Forest Trends. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/doc_5755.pdf
  29. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2019. “Murky timber deal raises doubts over Myanmar’s commitment to forestry reform.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://eia-international.org/news/murky-timber-deal-raises-doubts-myanmars-commitment-forestry-reform/
  30. Forest Stewardship Council. 2018. “Centralized National Risk Assessment for Myanmar: FSC-CNRA-MM V1-0 EN.” Forest Stewardship Council. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://fsc.org/en/document-center/documents/640de0ff-f3fc-465a-a046-d6c0b9df3ffc
  31. FAO. 2017. “Myanmar Timber Legality Assurance System (MTLAS) Gap Analysis Project Final Report.” FAO, Myanmar Forest Certification Committee, and UK Aid. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/FLEGT/docs/MTLAS_Gap_Analysis_Consolidated_Report_2017_.pdf
  32. European Commission, Directorate-General Environment. 2018. “Summary Record of the FLEGT/EUTR Expert Group Meeting 19 June 2018.” European Commission, Directorate-General Environment. Accessed August 22. https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/regexpert/index.cfm?do=groupDetail.groupMeetingDoc&docid=32789
  33. Global Timber Forum. 2017. “Myanmar releases statement of progress in timber legality assurance.” Global Timber Forum. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://www.gtf-info.com/news/myanmar-releases-reform-statement/
  34. Government of Myanmar, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation. 2018. “Myanmar Timber Chain of Custody Process, Documents and Actors.” Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forestdepartment.gov.mm/sites/default/files/Documents/%28R%29Myanmar%20Timber%20Chain%20of%20Custody%20Process_.pdf
  35. Forest Trends. 2019. “Meeting Summary: Timber Regulation Enforcement Exchange: London, UK, March 13-15 2019.” Forest Trends, Government of the United Kingdom, Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy, and the Government of the United Kingdom, Office for Product Safety & Standards. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/TREE-London-Summary-Note.pdf
  36. Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification. 2019. “Myanmar takes big steps towards PEFC membership.” Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.pefc.org/news/myanmar-takes-big-steps-towards-pefc-membership
  37. Saunders, Jade. 2016. “Swedish Court Rules Myanmar ‘Green Book’ Inadequate for EU Importers.” Forest Trends. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/blog/swedish-court-on-myanmar-wood-imports/
  38. Ko, Thiha Ko. 2018. “Log exports to be permitted to lure timber plantations.” Myanmar Times, September 17. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.mmtimes.com/news/log-exports-be-permitted-lure-timber-plantations.html
Peru
  1. NEPCon. 2017. “Timber Legality Risk Assessment – Peru.” NEPCon. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.nepcon.org/sites/default/files/library/2017-11/NEPCon-TIMBER-Peru-Risk-Assessment-EN-V1.2.pdf
  2. Norman, Marigold, Jade Saunders, and Kerstin Canby. 2017. “National Governance Indicators – Relevance for the Regulation of the Trade in Illegal Timber.” Forest Trends. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/FINAL-governance-paper-1132017_v3.pdf
  3. World Bank Group’s Fragile, Conflict and Violence Group. 2018. “Harmonized List of Fragile Situations.” World Bank Group’s Fragile, Conflict and Violence Group. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/fragilityconflictviolence/brief/harmonized-list-of-fragile-situations
  4. Forest Trends. 2019. “Known Forest Product Export Bans, as of September 2019.” Forest Trends. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/known-log-export-bans/
  5. United Nations Statistics Division. 2018. “UN Comtrade.” United Nations Statistics Division. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://comtrade.un.org/data/
  6. Urrunaga, Julia, et al. 2012. “The Laundering Machine: How Fraud and Corruption in Peru’s Concession System are Destroying the Future of Its Forests.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://content.eia-global.org/posts/documents/000/000/501/original/The_Laundering_Machine_ENG.pdf?1475785276
  7. Urrunaga, Julia, Andrea Johnson, and I. Dhayneé Orbegozo Sánchez. 2018. “Moment of Truth: Promise or Peril for the Amazon as Peru Confronts Its Illegal Timber Trade.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://content.eia-global.org/posts/documents/000/000/694/original/MomentofTruth.pdf?1520443534
  8. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2018. “Destination China: A companion briefing to Moment of Truth.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://content.eia-global.org/posts/documents/000/000/698/original/PeruChinaBrief_ENG.pdf?1517965010
  9. Wallace, Scott. 2013. “Mahogany’s Last Stand.” National Geographic, April 30. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2013/04/mahogany-last-stand/
  10. TRAFFIC. N.d. “PERU Briefing Document.” TRAFFIC, World Wildlife Fund, International Union for Conservation of Nature, and the European Commission. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.traffic.org/site/assets/files/8617/flegt-peru.pdf
  11. Global Witness. 2019. “The Forest Avengers: Why Peru’s pioneering forest inspection agency OSINFOR should have its independence restored and its powers extended.” Global Witness. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/forest-avengers/
  12. Gómez, Rolando Navarro. 2019. “Authorized to Steal – Organized Crime Networks Launder Illegal Timber from the Peruvian Amazon.” Center for International Environmental Law. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.ciel.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Authorized-to-Steal-August-2019-updated.pdf
  13. FAO. 2015. “Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015.” Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4808e.pdf
  14. Forest Stewardship Council. 2019. “FSC Facts & Figures – July 4 2019.” Forest Stewardship Council. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://fsc.org/en/page/facts-figures
  15. FAO. 2017. “FAOSTAT.” Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/RF
  16. Government of Peru, Superintendencia Nacional de Aduanas y de Administración Tributaria. 2019. “Operatividad Aduanera – Movimiento de Partidas.” Superintendencia Nacional de Aduanas y de Administración Tributaria. Data processed by Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://www.aduanet.gob.pe/cl-ad-itconsultadwh/ieITS01Alias?accion=consultar&CG_consulta=2
  17. Government of Peru, Servicio Nacional Forestal y de Fauna Silvestre. 2018. “Permisos de Exportación CITES Maderables 2017.” Servicio Nacional Forestal y de Fauna Silvestre. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.serfor.gob.pe/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Base_Cites_2017-MADERABLE-1.pdf
  18. Center for International Environmental Law. 2017. “‘Continuous Improvement’ of Illegal Logging in Peru.” Center for International Environmental Law. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.ciel.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/EnglishVersionFinal.pdf
  19. Conniff, Richard. 2017. “Chasing the Illegal Loggers Looting the Amazon Forest.” Wired, October 24. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.wired.com/story/on-the-trail-of-the-amazonian-lumber-thieves/
  20. Conniff, Richard. 2019. “The U.S. Should Get Tough on Timber with Peru.” The New York Times, January 16. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/16/opinion/us-peru-trade-timber.html
  21. Voice of America. 2017. “AP Investigation Shows Peru Backsliding on Illegal Logging.” Voice of America, April 19. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.voanews.com/americas/ap-investigation-shows-peru-backsliding-illegal-logging
  22. World Bank. 2006. “Strengthening Law Enforcement and Governance: Addressing a Systemic Constraint to Sustainable Development.” World Bank. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/330441468161667685/pdf/366380REVISED010Forest0Law01PUBLIC1.pdf
  23. Government of Peru, Superintendencia de Banca, Seguros Y AFP. 2018. “Sectorial Assessment of Exposure to Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing Risks in the Peruvian Timber Sector.” Superintendencia de Banca, Seguros Y AFP. Accessed August 22, 2018. http://www.sbs.gob.pe/Portals/5/jer/ESTUDIO-ANALISIS-RIESGO/ESR_Maderero_Difusion_Final-Ingles.pdf
  24. Urrunaga, Julia, Environmental Investigation Agency, Peru. Digital request to Access to Public Information, through website of the Government of Peru, Organismo de Supervision de los Recursos Forestales y de Fauna Silvestre, https://www.osinfor.gob.pe/solicitud-de-acceso-a-la-informacion-publica/; addressed automatically to Lic. Mónica Diana Chávez Cotaquispe, Organismo de Supervision de los Recursos Forestales y de Fauna Silvestre. OFICIO No 129-2018-OSINFOR/05.2.5-RAIP including: Informe N. 027-2018-OSINFOR/08.2 dated April 17, 2018, Oficio N. 062-2018-OSINFOR/01.1, addressed to SERFOR’s Exective Director, John Leigh, dated April 30, 2018, and Oficio N. 058-2018-OSINFOR/01.1, addressed to FEMA’s coordinator, Flor de María Vega, dated April 25, 2018. Total of 89 pages. Obtained under the 2002 Law of Transparency and Access to Public Information from Organismo de Supervision de los Recursos Forestales y de Fauna Silvestre; requested through the website of the Organismo de Supervision de los Recursos Forestales y de Fauna Silvestre on May 7 2018; received May 8, 2018.
  25. Government of Peru, Organismo de Supervision de los Recursos Forestales y de Fauna Silvestre. 2019. “OSINFOR.” Organismo de Supervision de los Recursos Forestales y de Fauna Silvestre. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.osinfor.gob.pe/sigo/
  26. World Customs Organization. 2014. “Trade in illegal timber target of WCO and INTERPOL supported operation in Peru.” World Customs Organization. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://www.wcoomd.org/es-es/media/newsroom/2014/july/trade-in-illegal-timber-target-of-wco-and-interpol.aspx
  27. Government of the United States of America, Office of the United States Trade Representative. 2016. “USTR Requests Peru Timber Verification.” Office of the United States Trade Representative. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/press-releases/2016/february/ustr-requests-peru-timber
  28. Government of the United States of America, Office of the United States Trade Representative. 2016. “U.S. Timber Committee Reacts to Peru’s Timber Verification.” Office of the United States Trade Representative. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/press-releases/2016/august/us-timber-committee-reacts-peru-timber-verification
  29. Government of the United States of America, Office of the United States Trade Representative Office of the United States Trade Representative. 2016. “Interagency Committee on Trade in Timber Products from Peru – Statement Regarding July 2016 Timber Verification Report from Peru.” USTR. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://ustr.gov/sites/default/files/Timber-Committee-Report-8172016.pdf
  30. Government of the United States of America, Office of the United States Trade Representative. 2017. “USTR Announces Unprecedented Action to Block Illegal Timber Imports from Peru.” Office of the United States Trade Representative. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/press-releases/2017/october/ustr-announces-unprecedented-action
  31. Government of the United States of America, Office of the United States Trade Representative. 2018. “USTR Tests Peru’s Progress in Combatting Illegal Logging.” Office of the United States Trade Representative. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/press-releases/2018/february/ustr-tests-peru%E2%80%99s-progress
  32. Government of the United States of America, The United States Trade Representative, Executive Office of the President. Memo to the Minister of Trade and Tourism, Republic of Peru. February 26, 2018. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://ustr.gov/sites/default/files/IssueAreas/Environment/Timber%20Committee%20Verification%20Request%202018.pdf
  33. Government of the United States of America, Office of the United States Trade Representative. 2019. “USTR Announces Enforcement Action to Block Illegal Timber Imports from Peru.” Office of the United States Trade Representative. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/press-releases/2019/july/ustr-announces-enforcement-action
  34. World Customs Organization. 2014. “Council 2014: Integrity and corruption; Performance measurement; Origin laundering; Data quality.” World Customs Organization. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://www.wcoomd.org/-/media/wco/public/global/pdf/media/wco-news-magazines/wconews_75.pdf
  35. Government of the United States of America, Office of the United States Trade Representative. 2019. “USTR Requests First-Ever Environment Consultations Under the U.S.-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement (PTPA).” Office of the United States Trade Representative. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/press-releases/2019/january/ustr-requests-first-ever
  36. Government of the United States of America, Office of the United States Trade Representative Office of the United States Trade Representative. 2019. “USTR Successfully Resolves Concerns Raised in First-Ever Environment Consultations Under the U.S.-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement (PTPA).” Office of the United States Trade Representative. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/press-releases/2018/april/ustr-successfully-resolves-concerns
  37. Urrunaga, Julia, Environmental Investigation Agency, Peru. Digital request to Access to Public Information, through website of the Government of Peru, Organismo de Supervision de los Recursos Forestales y de Fauna Silvestre, https://www.osinfor.gob.pe/solicitud-de-acceso-a-la-informacion-publica/; addressed automatically to Lic. Mónica Diana Chávez Cotaquispe, Organismo de Supervision de los Recursos Forestales y de Fauna Silvestre. OFICIO No 129-2018-OSINFOR/05.2.5-RAIP including: Informe N. 027-2018-OSINFOR/08.2 dated April 17, 2018, Oficio N. 062-2018-OSINFOR/01.1, addressed to SERFOR’s Exective Director, John Leigh, dated April 30, 2018, and Oficio N. 058-2018-OSINFOR/01.1, addressed to FEMA’s coordinator, Flor de María Vega, dated April 25, 2018. Total of 89 pages. Obtained under the 2002 Law of Transparency and Access to Public Information from Organismo de Supervision de los Recursos Forestales y de Fauna Silvestre; requested through the website of the Organismo de Supervision de los Recursos Forestales y de Fauna Silvestre on May 7 2018; received May 8, 2018.
  38. Government of Peru, Organismo de Supervisión de los Recursos Forestales y de Fauna Silvestre. 2018. “Carta de renuncia irrevocable del Jefe del Osinfor, Máximo Salazar dirigida al Presidente del Consejo de Ministros, por su desacuerdo con el DS N°122-2018-PCM emitido hoy en el Diario El Peruano. Da las gracias por la oportunidad de haber servido al país y la gobernanza forestal.” OSINFOR Twitter Account, December 14. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://twitter.com/osinforperu/status/1073669191037796352
  39. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2018. “Alert: The Peruvian Government backs down in the fight against illegal logging.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://content.eia-global.org/posts/documents/000/000/806/original/20181218-Press_Release_-_Osinfor_MINAM-EN.pdf?1545172003
Vietnam
  1. NEPCon. 2017. “Timber Legality Risk Assessment – Vietnam.” NEPCon. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.nepcon.org/sites/default/files/library/2018-12/NEPCon-TIMBER-Vietnam-Risk-Assessment-EN-V1.3_1.pdf
  2. Norman, Marigold, Jade Saunders, and Kerstin Canby. 2017. “National Governance Indicators – Relevance for the Regulation of the Trade in Illegal Timber.” Forest Trends. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/FINAL-governance-paper-1132017_v3.pdf
  3. World Bank Group’s Fragile, Conflict and Violence Group. 2018. “Harmonized List of Fragile Situations.” World Bank Group’s Fragile, Conflict and Violence Group. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/fragilityconflictviolence/brief/harmonized-list-of-fragile-situations
  4. Forest Trends. 2019. “Known Forest Product Export Bans, as of September 2019.” Forest Trends. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/known-log-export-bans/
  5. Norman, Marigold, and Jade Saunders. 2017. “Regulating the Trade in Illegal Timber.” Forest Trends. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/publications/regulating-trade-illegal-timber/
  6. United Nations Statistics Division. 2018. “UN Comtrade.” United Nations Statistics Division. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://comtrade.un.org/data/
  7. World Wildlife Fund, Global Forest & Trade Network. 2015. “Country Profiles – 2015; Bolivia, Cameroon, China, Colombia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Panama, Peru, Russian Far East, Vietnam.” World Wildlife Fund, Global Forest & Trade Network. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://assets.worldwildlife.org/publications/677/files/original/March_2015_Country_Risk_Profile_NA_Booklet.pdf?1429535765
  8. Forest Legality Initiative. 2016. “Risk Tool – Vietnam.” Forest Legality Initiative. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://forestlegality.org/risk-tool/country/vietnam
  9. European Timber Trade Federation. 2018. “Timber Trade Portal – Vietnam.” European Timber Trade Federation, and the Association Technique Internationale des Bois Tropicaux. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://www.timbertradeportal.com/countries/vietnam/#legality-profile
  10. Smith, Amy, and Le Cong Uan. 2013. “Responsible Wood Sourcing in Vietnam.” World Wildlife Fund, Global Forest & Trade Network. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://sustainablefurnishings.org/sites/default/files/SFC%20Presentation%20-%20GFTN%20VN_FINAL.pdf
  11. United Nations Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre. 2018. “People’s Republic of China – Country Overview to Aid Implementation of the EUTR.” United Nations Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.unep-wcmc.org/system/dataset_file_fields/files/000/000/564/original/Country_overview_China__03_10_2018.pdf?1563350973
  12. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2012. “Appetite for Destruction: China’s Trade in Illegal Timber.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://eia-international.org/wp-content/uploads/EIA-Appetite-for-Destruction-lo-res1.pdf
  13. Smirnov, D.Y. et al. 2013. “Illegal logging in the Russian Far East: global demand and taiga destruction.” World Wildlife Fund. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.worldwildlife.org/publications/illegal-logging-in-the-russian-far-east-global-demand-and-taiga-destruction
  14. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2013. “Open Door: Japan’s Continuing Failure to Prevent Imports of Illegal Russian Timber.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://content.eia-global.org/posts/documents/000/000/337/original/Open_Door_ENG.pdf?1468593913
  15. Milakovsky, Brian. 2016. “Illegality Risk in Sourcing from Russia and Ukraine – Presentation for April 2016 TREE workshop.” Forest Trends, and World Wildlife Fund. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/imported/2a-illegality-risk-in-sourcing-from-russia-and-ukraine_tree-pdf.pdf
  16. Neslen, Arthur. 2018. “Romania breaks up alleged €25m illegal logging ring.” The Guardian, May 31. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/may/31/romania-breaks-up-alleged-25m-illegal-logging-ring
  17. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2017. “Illegal Logging in Rodna Mountains National Park, Northern Romania, October 2017.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://content.eia-global.org/posts/documents/000/000/686/original/Illegal_Logging_in_Rodna_Mountains_National_Park_Oct2017.pdf?1511580913
  18. World Wildlife Fund. 2007. “The Russian-Chinese Timber Trade: Export, Supply Chains, Consumption, and Illegal Logging.” World Wildlife Fund. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://www.enpi-fleg.org/site/assets/files/1449/therussian-chinesetimbertrade.pdf
  19. Brukhanov, Alexander, et al. 2003. “The Russian-Danish trade in wood products and illegal logging in Russia.” World Wildlife Fund. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315780017_The_Russian-Danish_trade_in_wood_products_and_illegal_logging_in_Russia
  20. Sun, Xiufang, Kerstin Canby, and Lijun Liu. 2016. “China’s Logging Ban in Natural Forests.” Forest Trends. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/imported/chinas-logging-ban-in-natural-forests-final-3-14-2016-pdf.pdf
  21. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2017. “The Rosewood Racket: China’s Billion Dollar Illegal Timber Trade and the Devastation of Nigeria’s Forests.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://content.eia-global.org/assets/2017/rosewood-racket/PDF/Rosewood+Racket+Report+(High+Res).pdf
  22. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2018. “The Racket Continues: The unabated illegal and unsustainable timber trade from Nigeria.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://content.eia-global.org/posts/documents/000/000/783/original/EIA-NigeriaBrief-hires.pdf?1537994979
  23. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. 2016. “Seventeenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties, Johannesburg (South Africa), 24 September – 5 October 2016. Consideration of Proposals for Amendment of Appendices I and II. CoP17 Prop. 57.” Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://cites.org/sites/default/files/eng/cop/17/prop/060216/E-CoP17-Prop-57.pdf
  24. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2019. “Ban-Boozled: How corruption and collusion fuel illegal rosewood trade in Ghana.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://content.eia-global.org/posts/documents/000/000/906/original/BAN_Boozled_Rosewood_Ghana.pdf?1564513559
  25. Guey, Babacar Salif. 2015. “Illegal Logging and Trade of Rosewood: Case Study of Senegambia.” Chatham House. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.illegal-logging.info/sites/files/chlogging/Babacar_Presentation%20SENEGAL%20CHATAMHOUSE.pdf
  26. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2018. “Authorized Plunder: The Rosewood Stockpile Sale.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://content.eia-global.org/posts/documents/000/000/802/original/EIA_US_Guinea-Bissau_report_0918_US_Format_FINAL_MEDRES.pdf?1547131805
  27. Basik Treanor, Naomi. 2015. “China’s Hongmu Consumption Boom: Analysis of the Chinese Rosewood Trade and Links to Illegal Activity in Tropical Forested Countries.” Forest Trends. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/publications/chinas-hongmu-consumption-boom/
  28. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2016. “Red Alert: How fraudulent Siamese rosewood exports from Laos and Cambodia are undermining CITES protection.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://eia-international.org/wp-content/uploads/EIA-Red-Alert-FINAL.pdf
  29. Xuan To, Phuc, Naomi Basik Treanor, and Kerstin Canby. 2017. “Impacts of the Laos Log and Sawnwood Bans.” Forest Trends. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/imported/laos-export-ban-v12-typo-fix-14-sept-2017-pdf.pdf
  30. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2018. “Serial Offender: Vietnam’s continued imports of illegal Cambodian Timber.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://eia-international.org/wp-content/uploads/eia-serial-offender-web.pdf
  31. NEPCon, 2017. “Timber Legality Risk Assessment – Guatemala.” NEPCon. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.nepcon.org/sites/default/files/library/2017-11/NEPCon-TIMBER-Guatemala-Risk-Assessment-EN-V1.2.pdf
  32. Dyer, Zach. 2016. “Illegal logging threatens Costa Rica’s valuable species and vulnerable national parks.” The Tico Times, January 12. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://ticotimes.net/2016/01/12/illegal-logging-threatens-costa-ricas-valuable-species-and-vulnerable-national-parks
  33. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2014. “Rosewood and the Ongoing Illegal Logging Crisis in Belize.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://content.eia-global.org/assets/2014/07/Rosewood_Belize/Rosewood_Belize.pdf
  34. NEPCon. 2015. “Forestry Risk Profile – Cameroon.” NEPCon. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.illegal-logging.info/sites/files/chlogging/ForestryRiskProfile-Cameroon12Aug2015.pdf
  35. Banks, Alexandra. 2016. “Risks related to Vietnam’s imports.” NEPCon. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/imported/risks-related-to-vietnams-imports__alexandra-banks-nepcon-pdf.pdf
  36. Beltra, Daniel. 2018. “Total Systems Failure: Exposing the Global Secrecy Destroying Forests in the Democratic Republic of Congo.” Global Witness. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.globalwitness.org/en-gb/campaigns/forests/total-systems-failure/
  37. Brainforest. 2017. “The chinese mafia scums the gabonese forests: the case of Ogooue Ivindo. Brainforest. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.brainforest-gabon.org/actualites/?id=134
  38. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2019. “State of Corruption: The top-level conspiracy behind the global trade in Myanmar’s stolen teak.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.illegal-logging.info/sites/files/chlogging/EIA-report-State-of-Corruption-ilovepdf-compressed.pdf
  39. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2011. “Crossroads: The Illicit Timber Trade Between Laos and Vietnam.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.illegal-logging.info/sites/files/chlogging/uploads/EIA2011CrossroadsreportLaosVietnamtimbertrade.pdf
  40. Mahonghol, Denis, Paulinus Ngeh, and Hin Keong Chen. 2017. “Cameroon Timber Trade Legality Training Manual.” TRAFFIC, and UK Aid. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.traffic.org/site/assets/files/11844/cameroon-timber-legality-manual-en.pdf
  41. Government of Cameroon. 1999. Décret 99/781/PM du 13 Octobre 1999: régime des forêts, de la faune et de la pêche. October 13, 1999. http://gfbcam.com/download/decret-99781pm-du-13-octobre-1999-regime-des-forets-de-la-faune-et-de-la-peche/
  42. Global Witness. 2015. “Exporting Impunity: How Congo’s rainforest is illegally logged for international markets.” Global Witness. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/democratic-republic-congo/exporting-impunity/
  43. Global Witness. 2015. “Blood Timber: How Europe Helped Fund War in the Central African Republic.” Global Witness. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/bloodtimber/
  44. NEPCon. 2017. “Timber Legality Risk Assessment – Côte d’Ivoire.” NEPCon. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.nepcon.org/sites/default/files/library/2017-11/NEPCon-TIMBER-CoteD%27Ivoire-Risk-Assessment-EN-V1.2.pdf
  45. NEPCon. 2017. “Timber Legality Risk Assessment – Ghana.” NEPCon. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.nepcon.org/sites/default/files/library/2017-12/NEPCon-TIMBER-Ghana-Risk-Assessment-EN-V1.2.pdf
  46. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2019. “Toxic Trade: Forest Crime in Gabon and the Republic of Congo and Contamination of the US Market.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://content.eia-global.org/posts/documents/000/000/830/original/Toxic_Trade_EIA-web.pdf?1553480150
  47. FAO. 2015. “Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015.” Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4808e.pdf
  48. Forest Stewardship Council. 2019. “FSC Facts & Figures – July 4 2019.” Forest Stewardship Council. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://fsc.org/en/page/facts-figures
  49. FAO. 2017. “FAOSTAT.” Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/RF
  50. Government of Vietnam, Council of Ministers. 1992. Order of the Chairman of the Council of Ministers urgent measures to stop immediately deforestation (No. 90-CT). March 19, 1992. http://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/en/c/LEX-FAOC019280
  51. Quang, Nguyen Vinh, et al. 2018. “Linking Smallholder Plantations to Global Markets: Lessons from the IKEA model in Vietnam.” Forest Trends, and the Vietnam Association of Wood and Forest Products. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/IKEA-case-study-15-June_Final.pdf
  52. Le Huy, Tran, and Phuc To Xuan. 2013. “Vietnam’s Wood Chip Industry: Status of the Sector in 2012 and Challenges for Future Development.” Forest Trends, the Vietnam Association of Wood and Forest Products, and FPA Binhdinh. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/imported/information-brief-vn-wood-chip-industry-3-30-15-pdf.pdf
  53. MarketWatch. 2019. “The 3Q/18 Brought Development in East Asia, as Chinese Imports of Harwood Chips Reached a Record High and Vietnam Expanded Its Market Share at Australia’s Expense.” MarketWatch, January 6. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/the-3q18-brought-development-in-east-asia-as-chinese-imports-of-hardwood-chips-reached-a-record-high-and-vietnam-expanded-its-market-share-at-australias-expense-2019-01-06
  54. Xuan To, Phuc, and Tran Huu Nghi. 2014. “Forest Land Allocation in the Context of Forestry Sector Restructuring: Opportunities for Forestry Development and Upland Livelihood Improvement.” Forest Trends, and Tropenbos International Viet Nam. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/imported/fla-report_eng-pdf.pdf
  55. Sikor, Thomas, and Phuc Xuan To. 2014. “4.5 Conflicts in Vietnam’s forest areas: Implications for FLEGT and REDD+.” ETFRN News 55: 125-133. https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/imported/4.5Sikor_To.pdf
  56. Forest Trends. 2016. “Vietnam’s Imports of Cambodian Logs and Sawnwood from Natural Forests: 2013-2015.” Forest Trends. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Vietnam-Cambodia-report-formatted_Final_11-23-16.pdf
  57. Greenpeace. 2015. “CCT’s Timber Trade from Cameroon to Europe: A Test Case For EUTR’s Due Diligence Requirement.” Greenpeace. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://www.greenpeace.nl/Global/nederland/2015/documenten/Bossen/GP_CCT_rapport_sept15_03.pdf
  58. Environmental Investigation Agency. 2013. “First Class Connections: Log Smuggling, Illegal Logging, and Corruption in Mozambique.” Environmental Investigation Agency. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://eia-international.org/wp-content/uploads/EIA-First-Class-Connections1.pdf
  59. Forest Trends. 2015. “Conversion Timber, Forest Monitoring, and Land-Use Governance in Cambodia.” Forest Trends. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Cambodia20Concessions20Report20small20size.pdf
  60. Koemsoeun, Soth. 2018. “Illegal logging continues unabated in Cambodia.” The Phnom Penh Post, November 30, 2018. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.phnompenhpost.com/national/illegal-logging-continues-unabated-cambodia
  61. Global Witness. 2018. “A Major Liability: Illegal logging in Papua New Guinea threatens China’s timber sector and global reputation.” Global Witness. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/major-liability-illegal-logging-papua-new-guinea-threatens-chinas-timber-sector-and-global-reputation/
  62. Global Witness. 2017. “Stained Trade: How U.S. Imports of Exotic Flooring from China Risk Driving the Theft of Indigenous Land and Deforestation in Papua New Guinea.” Global Witness. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/stained-trade/
  63. Norman, Marigold, and Jade Saunders. 2019. “Toward Timber Import Provisions in Thailand.” Forest Trends. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/FT4307D_ThaiShortReport_R5_WEB061119.pdf
  64. Forest Trends. 2017. “China’s Forest Product Imports and Exports 2006-2016: Trade Charts and Brief Analysis.” Forest Trends. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/doc_5627.pdf
  65. Global Witness. 2019. “Lessons from China’s Global Forest Footprint: How China can rise to a global governance challenge.” Global Witness. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/lessons-from-chinas-global-forest-footprint/
  66. Schaap, Brian, and Kerstin Canby. 2018. “China’s Log Imports from Countries with Log Export Bans.” Forest Trends. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/China-LEB-Policy-Brief__FINAL_2018.pdf
  67. GoViet. 2019. “Báo cáo: Việt Nam nhập khẩu gỗ nguyên liệu từ Châu Phi: Cập nhật đến hết tháng 4 năm 2019.” GoViet. Accessed August 22, 2019. http://goviet.org.vn/bai-viet/bao-cao-viet-nam-nhap-khau-go-nguyen-lieu-tu-chau-phi-cap-nhat-den-het-thang-4-nam-2019-9001
  68. NEPCon. 2017. “Timber Legality Risk Assessment – China.” NEPCon. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.nepcon.org/sites/default/files/library/2017-11/NEPCon-TIMBER-China-Risk-Assessment-EN-V1.2.pdf
  69. The European Union, and the Government of Vietnam. 2017. Voluntary Partnership Agreement Between the European Union and the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam on Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade. May 11, 2017. https://ec.europa.eu/environment/forests/pdf/11_05_2017_EU_Vietnam_VPA.pdf
  70. Global Witness. 2018. “New Investigation Reveals Systemic Illegal Logging by European Company in the DRC.” Global Witness. Accessed August 22, 2019. https://www.globalwitness.org/en/press-releases/new-investigation-reveals-systemic-illegal-logging-european-company-drc/